Kepastian Hukum Penggunaan Artificial Intelegence Terhadap Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris
Main Article Content
Abstract
Legal uncertainty related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in storing notary protocols, which is part of the implementation of the cyber notary concept in Indonesia. The background of this research is the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, which demands high efficiency, security, and accessibility in storing notary documents, especially to reduce the risk of damage to physical documents due to natural disasters and other factors. Although the use of AI in storing notary protocols promises better efficiency and security, there is no legal certainty that supports this application, due to the overlap and inconsistency between the Notary Law and the Information and Electronic Transactions Law. This study uses a normative legal methodology with a statutory and conceptual approach to analyze related legal regulations and explore issues that arise due to the legal vacuum in the use of AI by notaries. The results of the study show notaries have an obligation to make minutes of deeds and archive them as a form of action from the notary protocol. The obligation to store these minutes of deeds aims to maintain the authenticity of the deed. Storage of notary protocols until now still uses printed media stored in a separate archive room at the Notary's office, this certainly poses a high risk to the safety of the notary protocol if there is force majeure at the Notary's Office. Storage of Notary protocols using AI does not guarantee legal certainty, because there are no comprehensive and explicit regulations regarding the use of AI in Storing Notary protocols. However, this is a challenge whose implementation requires more specific implementing regulations so that notaries have clear guidelines in carrying out the document digitization process safely and legally.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
A. Buku
Lubis, M. Solly. Filsafat Ilmu dan Penelitian. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1994.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.
Makarim, Edmon. Notaris dan Transaksi Elektronik: Kajian Hukum tentang Cyber Notary atau Electric Notary. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2016.
Simanjuntak, Yoan Nursari, dan Burhan Adlansyah. Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence pada Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham Perusahaan Terbuka Secara Elektronik dan Tantangannya bagi Notaris. Jakarta: Sinar Grafindo, 2020.
Subekti, R., dan Tjitrosudibio, R. Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata (KUH Perdata). Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2003.
Tawil, Siti Fatimah Mohd, dan Akar, Celal. Teknologi Revolusi Industri 4.0 Untuk Kesejahteraan Ummah: Menyingkap Perspektif Rasail Nur. Tanpa Kota: Tanpa Penerbit, 2021
B. Artikel Jurnal
Abdullah, Farhana Yahya, Noor Lailatul Izza, and Aryani Witasari. “The Effectiveness of Cyber Notary Development Using Barcodes on Notarial Deeds in Indonesia.” Jurnal Akta 11, no. 3 (2024): 651–61. https://doi.org/10.30659/AKTA.V11I3.39749.
Adinegoro, Kurnia Rheza Randy. “Tantangan Implementasi Sertipikat Tanah Elektronik Di Kementerian Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 4, no. 2 (2023): 129–42. https://doi.org/10.19184/jik.v4i2.41314.
Andira, Lintang Cahyani, and Iswi Hariyani. “Keabsahan Kontrak Elektronik Dalam Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi.” Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 1, no. 2 (2020): 34–54. https://doi.org/10.19184/jik.v1i2.23432.
Angelia, Ister. “Kedudukan Hukum Notaris Merangkap Jabatan Sebagai Arbiter Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris.” Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 5, no. 2 (2024): 164–76. https://doi.org/10.19184/jik.v5i2.52113.
Anugroho, Bimo Lahkoro. “Tanggung Jawab Ahli Waris Notaris Dan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penghadap Atas Protokol Notaris Yang Hilang Atau Rusak.” JUPIIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 13, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 279–84. https://doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v13i1.25112.
Ardiansyah, Erlan, Mohammad Saleh, and Rahmia Rachman. “Batasan Tanggungjawab Notaris Terhadap Akta Autentik Yang Dibuatnya.” Recital Review 4, no. 2 (2022): 432–51. https://doi.org/10.22437/RR.V4I2.18867.
Atabekov, A., and O. Yastrebov. “Legal Status of Artificial Intelligence across Countries: Legislation on the Move.” European Research Studies Journal 21, no. 4 (2018): 773–82. https://doi.org/10.35808/ERSJ/1245.
Demu, Georgius Patrik, Chandra Yusuf, and Frengki Hardian. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Atas Kekosongan Hukum Terhadap Aturan Hukum Werda Notaris Yang Tidak Melapor Dan Menyerahkan Protokol Notaris Kepada Notaris Penerima Protokol.” Cakrawala Repositori IMWI 6, no. 3 (June 13, 2023): 435–55. https://doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v6i3.375.
Dewi, Milinia Mutiara Yusshinta, and Bayu Indra Permana. “Keabsahan Akta Yang Dibuat Oleh Calon Notaris Yang Sedang Magang Di Kantor Notaris.” Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 3, no. 2 (2022): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.19184/jik.v3i2.36437.
Farahianie, Sita. “Kedudukan Hukum Akta Autentik Yang Dibuat Oleh Notaris Dalam Perspektif Cyber Notary.” Acten Journal Law Review 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2024): 171–86. https://doi.org/10.71087/AJLR.V1I2.13.
Firmansyah, Melania Indiana Putri. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Penghadap Penyandang Disabilitas Dalam Pembuatan Akta Notaris.” Acten Journal Law Review 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2024): 203–18. https://doi.org/10.71087/AJLR.V1I3.16.
Fitriasari, Resa Eka Nur. “Peran Jabatan Notaris Dalam Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Yang Disimpan Dalam Bentuk Elektronik Arsip.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Kenotariatan 6, no. 2 (August 13, 2022): 1052–71. https://doi.org/10.33474/hukeno.v6i2.17797.
Ghazala, Myra, and Daly Erni. “Urgensi Pengaturan Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Sebagai Arsip Negara Dengan Sistem Elektronik Di Indonesia.” Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 696–705. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2022.v10.i03.p18.
Hasyan, Daniyah Fadhilah, and Fifiana Wisnaeni. “Pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Buatan Dan Blockchain Dalam Pembuatan Akta Notaris Di Indonesia.” Notarius 17, no. 1 (2024): 432–45. https://doi.org/10.14710/NTS.V17I1.43939.
Imtiyaz, Lana, Budi Santoso, and Adya Paramita Prabandari. “Reaktualisasi Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris Terkait Digitalisasi Minuta Akta Oleh Notaris.” Jurnal Notarius 13, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 97–110. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v13i1.29166.
Iswari, Katrin Yogi, Pelangi Adzania, Rizka Novilawati, and Tetti Samosir. “Legal Certainty of the Proof Power of Notary Deeds in the Concept of Cyber Notary According to Indonesian Positive Law.” Jurnal Akta 11, no. 3 (2024): 662–84. https://doi.org/10.30659/AKTA.V11I3.39750.
Jaya, Jamie Armadi, Mulyani Zulaeha, and Suprapto Suprapto. “Kewenangan Notaris Dalam Mensertifikasi Transaksi Elektronik Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jabatan Notaris.” Notary Law Journal 1, no. 2 (2022): 131–44. https://doi.org/10.32801/NOLAJ.V1I2.19.
Jubaidi, Didi, and Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa. “Artificial Intelligence in the Perspective of Indonesian Law: Subject or Object of Law?” Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 11 (2024): 302–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJESS/2024/V50I111655.
Karlina, Tiara. “Penerapan Teknologi Blockchain Dalam Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris.” Badamai Law Journal 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 120–34. https://doi.org/10.32801/DAMAI.V9I1.19794.
Kinasih, Nadia Pitra. “Kepastian Hukum Notaris Menerapkan Cyber Notary Dalam Verlidjen Akta Notaris Secara Digital.” Acten Journal Law Review 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2024): 231–52. https://doi.org/10.71087/AJLR.V1I3.7.
Ma’ruf, Muhammad Afif, and Widhi Handoko. “Tanggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Peralihan Protokol Notaris Yang Diserahkan Kepadanya.” Jurnal Notarius 16, no. 3 (December 12, 2023): 1528–42. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v16i3.41769.
Makarim, Edmon. Notaris Dan Transaksi Elektronik Kajian Hukum Tentang Cybernotary Atau Electronic Notary. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo, 2013.
Manullang, E. Fernando M. “Misinterpretasi Ide Gustav Radbruch Mengenai Doktrin Filosofis Tentang Validitas Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang.” Undang: Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 2 (2022): 453–80. https://doi.org/10.22437/UJH.5.2.453-480.
Marbun, Eldbert Christanto Anaya. “Mengkaji Kepastian Hukum Dan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Investasi Di Indonesia Melalui Lembaga Perizinan Online Single Submission (OSS).” Dharmasisya: Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI 1, no. 4 (2022): 1–17. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol1/iss4/8.
Marlin, Simon Reinaldo, Mohamad Fajri, and Mekka Putra. “Pentingnya Penerapan Cyber Notary Sebagai Upaya Terciptanya Keamanan Praktik Bisnis Di Indonesia.” JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan) 6, no. 3 (2022): 2598–9944. https://doi.org/10.58258/JISIP.V6I3.3369.
Menawati, Evi, and Siti Muadah. “Urgensi Penyimpngan Protokol Notaris Secara Elektronik Menuju Era Cyber Notaris.” Journal of Future Academia 2, no. 4 (December 6, 2024): 652–60. https://doi.org/10.61579/future.v2i4.232.
Miftahurrahmah, Nishfi, and Salim HS. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Notaris Pengganti Terkait Kerusakan Protokol Notaris Dalam Pelaksanaan Tugas Jabatan.” Private Law 1, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 490–501. https://doi.org/10.29303/prlw.v1i3.424.
Mulia, Jingga, Elita Rahmi, and Eko Nuriyatman. “Protokol Notaris Sebagai Arsip Vital Negara Dalam Perspektif Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” Mendapo: Journal of Administrative Law 3, no. 3 (October 12, 2022): 223–41. https://doi.org/10.22437/mendapo.v3i3.18903.
Permana, Bayu Indra, Mohammad Rafi Al Farizy, and Ferdiansyah Putra Manggala. “Responsibility of Notary for Registered Private Deed in the Perspective of Law of Evidence.” Jurnal Justiciabelen 7, no. 1 (2024): 66–75. https://doi.org/10.30587/justibelen.v7i1.7801.
Permana, Bayu Indra, Bhim Prakoso, and Iswi Hariyani. “Legal Certainty of Income Tax Exemption on the Transfer of Rights to Land in the Sharing of Collective Integration Rights.” International Journal Of Social Science And Education Research Studies 2, no. 11 (2022): 603–10. https://doi.org/10.55677/IJSSERS/V02I11Y2022-02.
Prameswari, Anindita, Amalia, Fildza Nur, Utami, Wahyu Dwi, and Tetti Samosir. “Tantangan Hukum Dan Peluang Penerapan Cyber Notaris Di Era Transformasi Digital.” Journal of Mandalika Literature 6, no. 2 (2024): 316–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36312/jml.v6i2.3948.
Putra, Fauzan Adi. “Tanggung Jawab Terhadap Protokol Notaris Sebagai Akibat Ditetapkannya Notaris Menjadi Pejabat Negara.” UNES Law Review 5, no. 4 (June 2, 2023): 1458–70. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v5i4.466.
Putra, Wiradharma Sampurna. “Penerapan Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Dengan Metode Cloud Computing System.” Unes Journal of Swara Justisia 8, no. 1 (2024): 113–32. https://doi.org/10.31933/UJSJ.V8I1.482.
Putri, Nabila Mazaya. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Notaris Pemegang Protokol Terhadap Pelanggaran Pembuatan Akta Oleh Notaris Pemberi Protokol.” Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 517–28. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2022.v10.i03.p03.
Putri, Tiara Novita Aisyah, Sinta Annisa Qotrunnada, Habibah Fatihatur Rizqo, Hais Subaga Athazada, and Miqdad Nidhom Fahmi. “Legal Validity of Authentic Deeds Based on Cyber Notary According to Law Number 2 of 2014 Concerning The Position of A Notary.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 4 (2024): 682–88. https://doi.org/10.38035/JLPH.V4I4.409.
Raditya, Ami, Regina Resentia, and Alicia Shafa Azzahra. “Ius Constituendum Principle of Facing Notary in Making Authentic Deed In the Perspective of Virtual Electronics (Cyber Notary).” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 5 (2024): 1706–14. https://doi.org/10.38035/JLPH.V4I5.555.
Rama, Bagus Gede Ari, Dewa Krisna Prasada, and Kadek Julia Mahadewi. “Urgensi Pengaturan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Bidang Hukum Hak Cipta Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Rechtens 12, no. 2 (2023): 209–24. https://doi.org/10.56013/RECHTENS.V12I2.2395.
Risalatin, Nur Fitri. “Tinjauan Yuridis Pemanfaatan Media Repositori Sebagai Alternatif Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Untuk Jangka Panjang.” International Significance of Notary 2, no. 4 (July 27, 2021): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.2020/ISON.V2I2.2.12304.
Rochmat, Adi Zaenur. “Implementation of Cyber Notary in Electronic Deeds and Electronic Signatures Regarding Notary Positions.” JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Administrasi 6, no. 4 (2024): 2746–3842. https://doi.org/10.58258/JIHAD.V6I4.7497.
Samudera, Satrio Arung, Saidin, and Rudy Haposan Saihaan. “Konsep Cyber Notary Dalam Perspektif Asas Tabellionis Officium Fideliter Exercebo Menurut Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Normatif 1, no. 2 (2021): 86–90.
Satrio, Iqbal Pandu. “Authorities and Responsibilities of Notaries Regarding the Implementation of Cyber Notary in Indonesia.” Authentica 5, no. 1 (2022): 46–72. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.atc.2022.5.1.198.
Subari, Misbah Imam, and Justicia Firdaus Kurniawan. “Penggunaan Klausula Proteksi Diri Bagi Notaris Dalam Akta Partij Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris.” Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 4, no. 2 (2023): 144–60. https://doi.org/10.19184/jik.v4i2.44196.
Wardana, Dendik Surya, Iswi Hariyani, and Dodik Prihatin AN. “Pertanggung Jawaban Notaris Terhadap Keabsahan Akta Outentik Yang Dilakukan Secara Electronic Dalam Pembuktian Di Pengadilan.” Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 2, no. 2 (2021): 14–26. https://doi.org/10.19184/jik.v2i2.24088.
Wardhani, Restri Ismi, and Rhama Wisnu Wardhana. “Tanggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Kekuatan Pembuktian Akta Dibawah Tangan Yang Telah Di Waarmerking.” Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 1, no. 2 (2020): 19–33. https://doi.org/10.19184/jik.v1i2.23431.
Yogiatama, Linggar Ryanty. “Tinjauan Yuridis Konsep Cyber Notary Dalam Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Ditinjau Dari UU No. 2 Tahun 2014 Atas Perubahan UU No. 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN).” Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, Dan Humaniora 2, no. 8 (July 6, 2024): 258-263–258–263. https://jurnal.kolibi.org/index.php/kultura/article/view/2322.
C. Disertasi / Tesis
Fitri, Rahma. "Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Sebagai Arsip Negara Secara Elektronik." Tesis Magister Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2016.
D. Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata
Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 2009 tentang Kearsipan.
Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2012 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 2009 tentang Kearsipan.